This treatise, by one of Russia''s leading mathematicians, gives in easily accessible form a coherent account of matrix theory with a view to applications in mathematics, theoretical physics, statistics, electrical engineering, etc. The individual chapters have been kept as far as possible independent of each other, so that the reader acquainted with the contents of Chapter 1 can proceed immediately to the chapters of special interest. Much of the material has been available until now only in the periodical literature.

F. R. Gantmacher

• I. Matrices and operations on matrices: 1. Matrices. Basic notation; 2. Addition and multiplication of rectangular matrices; 3. Square matrices; 4. Compound matrices. Minors of the inverse matrix
• II. The algorithm of Gauss and some of its applications: 1. Gauss's elimination method; 2. Mechanical interpretation of Gauss's algorithm; 3. Sylvester's determinant identity; 4. The decomposition of a square matrix into triangular factors; 5. The partition of a matrix into blocks. The technique of operating with partitioned matrices. The generalized algorithm of Gauss
• III. Linear operators in an n-dimensional vector space: 1. Vector spaces; 2. A linear operator mapping an n-dimensional space into an m-dimensional space; 3. Addition and multiplication of linear operators; 4. Transformation of coordinates; 5. Equivalent matrices. The rank of an operator. Sylvester's inequality; 6. Linear operators mapping an n-dimensional space into itself; 7. Characteristic values and characteristic vectors of a linear operator; 8. Linear operators of simple structure
• IV. The characteristic polynomial and the minimal polynomial of a matrix: 1. Addition and multiplication of matrix polynomials; 2. Right and left division of matrix polynomials; 3. The generalized Bézout theorem; 4. The characteristic polynomial of a matrix. The adjoint matrix; 5. The method of Faddeev for the simultaneous computation of the coefficients of the characteristic polynomial and of the adjoint matrix; 6. The minimal polynomial of a matrix
• V. Functions of matrices: 1. Definition of a function of a matrix; 2. The Lagrange-Sylvester interpolation polynomial; 3. Other forms of the definition of f(A). The components of the matrix A; 4. Representation of functions of matrices by means of series; 5. Application of a function of a matrix to the integration of a system of linear differential equations with constant coefficients; 6. Stability of motion in the case of a linear system
• VI. Equivalent transformations of polynomial matrices. Analytic theory of elementary divisors: 1. Elementary transformations of a polynomial matrix; 2. Canonical form of a ?-matrix; 3. Invariant polynomials and elementary divisors of a polynomial matrix; 4. Equivalence of linear binomials; 5. A criterion for similarity of matrices; 6. The normal forms of a matrix; 7. The elementary divisors of the matrix f(A); 8. A general method of constructing the transforming matrix; 9. Another method of constructing a transforming matrix
• VII. The structure of a linear operator in an n-dimensional space: 1. The minimal polynomial of a vector and a space (with respect to a given linear operator); 2. Decomposition into invariant subspaces with co-prime minimal polynomials; 3. Congruence. Factor space; 4. Decomposition of a space into cyclic invariant subspaces; 5. The normal form of a matrix; 6. Invariant polynomials. Elementary divisors; 7. The Jordan normal form of a matrix; 8. Krylov's method of transforming the secular equation
• VIII. Matrix equations: 1. The equation AX=XB; 2. The special case A=B. Commuting matrices; 3. The equation AX-XB=C; 4. The scalar equation f(X)=O; 5. Matrix polynomial equations; 6. The extraction of m-th roots of a non-singular matrix; 7. The extraction of m-th roots of a singular matrix; 8. The logarithm of a matrix
• IX. Linear operators in a unitary space: 1. General considerations; 2. Metrization of a space; 3. Gram's criterion for linear dependence of vectors; 4. Orthogonal projection; 5. The geometrical meaning of the Gramian and some inequalities; 6. Orthogonalization of a sequence of vectors; 7. Orthonormal bases; 8. The adjoint operator; 9. Normal operators in a unitary space; 10. The spectra of normal, hermitian, and unitary operators; 11. Positive-semidefinite and positive-definite hermitian operators; 12. Polar decomposition of a linear operator in a unitary space. Cayley's formulas; 13. Linear operators in a euclidean space; 14. Polar decomposition of an operator and the Cayley formulas in a euclidean space; 15. Commuting normal operators
• X. Quadratic and hermitian forms: 1. Transformation of the variables in a quadratic form; 2. Reduction of a quadratic form to a sum of squares. The law of inertia; 3. The methods of Lagrange and Jacobi of reducing a quadratic form to a sum of squares; 4. Positive quadratic forms; 5. Reduction of a quadratic form to principal axes; 6. Pencils of quadratic forms; 7. Extremal properties of the characteristic values of a regular pencil of forms; 8. Small oscillations of a system with n degrees of freedom; 9. Hermitian forms; 10. Hankel forms
• Bibliography
• Index