This book explores how, in early modern Malayalee society, the emerging notion of the individual (as distinct from an identity based on jati, region etc.) was linked to the vision of a society based on gender differences. The process of individualizing thus also became a process of en-gendering. Social reform claimed to set ‘free’ people, to make them free individuals. In fact, this process of individualization was implicated in institutions (education, home-making, parenting, political work etc) that were seen to be gender specific. As such, men and women came to occupy separate, complementary domains, that were seen as ‘natural’ while education was seen, paradoxically, as a way to realize these ‘naturally gendered’ selves. The book explores how social reform, notions of the individual, and the creation of a ‘gendered’ individual came together in early modern Kerala.