The National Editorial Collective ix
List of Volumes xiii
Acknowledgements xvii
Foreword xix
A Nation Proud of Its Language Diversity: Chief Editor’s Introduction xxiii
Editorial xxxiii
Introduction to the Volume xxxvii
Contributors to the Volume xxxix
An Appeal to Readers xli
A Note on the Scripts used in Meghalaya xlv
The Process of Compilation of the People’s Linguistic Survey of India,
Meghalaya xlix
List of Languages and their Varieties Covered in this Volume liii
List of Abbreviations liv
PART I : KHASI
1. Standard Khasi 3
2. The Pnar Variety of Khasi in the Jaiñtia Hills 51
3. The Nongtalang, Darrang and Umladang Varieties of the Southern Jaiñtia Hills 63
4. The Biate and Hadem Languages of the Eastern and Northern Jaiñtia Hills 77
5. The Lasa Ïapngar, Nongbri and Mnar Varieties of Ri-Bhoi 98
6. The Mikir, Tiwa and Marngar Languages of Ri-bhoi 117
7. The Nongkrem Variety of the Central Upland Region in East Khasi Hills 129
8. The Khadar Blang, Nongshken and Umñiuh-Tmar Varieties of the
Ri War (Valley Dwellers) in the Eastern Khasi Hills 137
9. The Shella Variety of the Ri War (Valley Dwellers)
in the South-CentralKhasi Hills 158
10. The Mawsynram, Phlangwanbroi, Warding, Mawpen Varieties –
Transition from the Hill to Valley Varieties in the South-Central Khasi Hills 168
11. The Mairang, Maram, Lyngngam and Langrin Varieties of the
Western Khasi Hills 186
PART II : GARO
12. Introduction to the Garo Language and its Varieties 227
13. The A·we/A·kawe Variety of the Northern Garo Hills 251
14. The Chisak Variety of the Eastern Garo Hills 270
15. The Matabeng and Matchi Varieties of the Garo Hills 284
16. The A·beng Variety of the Western Garo Hills 310
17. The Atong, Dual, Gara-Gan·ching, Chibok and Ruga Varieties
of the Southern Garo Hills 322
Index 381
LIST OF MAPS
Figure I Distribution of Indian languages
Figure II Language distribution data of Meghalaya
Figure III Meghalaya political
Figure IV Khasi and Garo inhabited areas
Figure 1.1 The Khasi and Jaiñtia Hills
Figure 13.1 A·we speaking areas in the Garo Hills
Figure 14.2 Chisak speaking areas in the East Garo Hills
Figure 15.1 Matabeng speaking villages
Figure 15.2 Matchi inhabited areas of the Garo Hills
Figure 16.1 A·beng speaking areas
Figure 17.1 Atong settlements in the Garo Hills
Figure 17.2 Baigonkona: The dual settlement
Figure 17.3 Gara-Gan·ching area in South Garo Hills
Figure 17.4 Chibok speaking areas
Figure 17.5 Ruga settlements in South Garo Hills