For over four decades, Achar’s Textbook of Pediatrics has educated, instructed and inspired students. Successive editions have made the textbook more current and relevant without deviating from the original character of the book. The fifth edition, in full-colour, continues the tradition with thoroughly revised content and the inclusion of newer and emerging problems in pediatrics. An emphasis on a clinical approach has been adopted in keeping with the requirements of the competency-based medical education curriculum.
Key features
Editor: Swarna Rekha Bhat, MD (Pediatrics), formerly Professor of Pediatrics and Neonatology, St John’s Medical College (SJMC), Bangalore, has nearly three decades of experience teaching undergraduate and postgraduate students of medicine and fellows and doctoral students of neonatology. She has been closely involved with the medical education at SJMC and has also served the National Board of Examinations (NBE) in various capacities. Her research interests are in the areas of neonatology, retinopathy of prematurity, hearing screening, kangaroo mother care, nutrition, IUGR, hypernatremia and pain.
She is a member of National Neonatology Forum (NNF) since 1990 and has been active in the training of medical and nursing faculty in neonatology. Dr Bhat has authored several research papers, co-edited Guha’s Neonatology: Principles and Practice, and contributed chapters to IAP Textbook of Pediatric and Neonatal Emergencies and IAP Textbook of Pediatrics. She is a recipient of the NNF Fellowship 2013 and the NBE Teacher of Excellence Award 2014.
A mapping of the contents to CBME competencies Chapter-wise specific learning objectives Preface to the fifth edition Foreword to the fourth edition Foreword to the first edition Preface to the first edition Contributors
1. Introduction to Child Health
Swarna Rekha Bhat Pediatrics The challenges of childcare The current health situation Child health programmes
2. Clinical Evaluation of a Child
Swarna Rekha Bhat History taking and examination in the pediatric age group Clinical approach to a child with common signs and symptoms
3. Growth: Normal and Abnormal
Swarna Rekha Bhat, P Raghupathy Normal growth Short stature Childhood obesity Appendix: WHO and IAP growth charts
4. Nutrition: Normal Nutrition and Malnutrition
Swarna Rekha Bhat Introduction Clinical assessment of nutritional status Breastfeeding Complementary feeding Infant and young child feeding (IYCF) Nutritional deficiencies Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) Severe acute malnutrition (SAM) Moderate acute malnutrition (MAM)
5. Vitamin and Mineral Requirements and Deficiency Disorders
Swarna Rekha Bhat Introduction Vitamin A Vitamin D Vitamin E Vitamin K The B-complex group of vitamins Vitamin C Minerals
6. Developmental and Behavioural Disorders
Praveen Suman, Anupam Sachdeva Normal childhood development Developmental assessment Disorders of vision and hearing Cerebral palsy Neurodevelopmental disorders Pervasive developmental disorders Behavioural disorders Multidisciplinary clinics for children with special needs
7. Fluid, Electrolytes and Acid–Base Disorders
Sanwar Agrawal Homeostasis Composition of body fluids Normal fluid and electrolyte requirements Fluid and electrolyte disorders Acid–base balance Acid–base disorders
8. Pediatric Emergencies
M M A Faridi Introduction Pediatric emergency and pediatric intensive care Monitoring a sick child Basic life support (BLS) Pediatric advanced life support (PALS) Dysrhythmias Common pediatric emergencies Respiratory emergencies Shock Acute severe hypertension Congestive cardiac failure (CCF) Status epilepticus (SE) Drowning and near-drowning Burns Trauma Child maltreatment or child abuse Poisoning Snake Bite Scorpion Bite Brain Death
9. Genetic Disorders
Sowmya Sampath Introduction Classification of genetic disorders Drawing a pedigree chart Diagnosis of genetic diseases Management of genetic disorders Specific chromosomal disorders Genetic counselling The human genome project (HGP)
10. Inborn Errors of Metabolism
Ranjan Kumar Pejaver General concepts of IEM Prenatal diagnosis of IEM disorders Important inborn metabolic disorders
11. Neonatology
Swarna Rekha Bhat, Ruchi N Nanavati Introduction Classification of neonates Prenatal diagnosis Fetal monitoring Examination of neonates Care of the normal newborn Care of a sick neonate Neonatal resuscitation Birth trauma Perinatal asphyxia Neonatal seizures Temperature regulation in the newborn Prematurity and intrauterine growth restriction Postmaturity Large-for-date neonates Feeding of low-birth-weight neonates Metabolic disorders in neonates Neonatal jaundice Neonatal sepsis Respiratory distress in the newborn Neonatal hematological problems Neonatal referral and transport Follow-up of high-risk neonates Newborn screening (NBS) Equipment for care of the newborn
12. Infectious Diseases
P P Maiya, B P Karunakara, Swarna Rekha Bhat Infections and infectious diseases Fever Pyrexia of unknown origin (PUO) Fever with rash Bacterial infections Mycobacterial infections Spirochetal infections Rickettsial infections Chlamydial infections Mycoplasma infections Viral infections Mycotic infections (Mycosis) Parasitic infections (Protozoal) Helminthic infestations (Metazoal)
13. Disorders of Immunity and Allergy
Surjit Singh, Ankur Kumar Jindal, Sujatha Ramesh Disorders of immunity Primary immunodeficiency diseases Disorders of allergy
14. Immunisation
A P Dubey Introduction Principles of vaccination and immunisation Individual vaccines Immunisation in special circumstances Future trends
15. Rheumatological Disorders
Surjith Singh, Ankur Kumar Jindal Introduction Arthritis Approach to a child with arthritis Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) Vasculitis
16. Diseases of the Gastrointestinal System
Arakkal Riyaz Introduction Symptoms of GI disorders Gastroesophageal reflux disease Helicobacter pylori in children Diarrhea Management of acute diarrhea Persistent diarrhea Chronic diarrhea Malabsorption Celiac disease Recurrent abdominal pain Upper gastrointestinal bleeding Lower gastrointestinal bleeding Constipation
17. Disorders of the Liver, Gall Bladder and Pancreas
Urmila Jhamb Liver, biliary system and pancreas Diseases of the liver Chronic liver disease (CLD) Wilson disease Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency Indian childhood cirrhosis (ICC) Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease Portal hypertension Diseases of the gallbladder Pancreatic diseases in children
18. Diseases of the Respiratory System
S D Subba Rao Introduction Symptoms of respiratory disease Approach to a child with respiratory disorder Bronchial asthma Respiratory infections Chronic suppurative lung diseases Diseases of the pleura
19. Diseases of the Cardiovascular System
Monika Sharma Introduction Signs and symptoms of diseases of the cardiovascular system Investigations for heart diseases Genetics of cardiac diseases and other likely etiologies Congenital heart diseases Acyanotic heart diseases Cyanotic heart diseases Infective endocarditis Rheumatic fever (RF) and rheumatic heart disease (RHD) Cardiomyopathy Fetal and childhood origins of adult cardiovascular diseases
20. Pediatric Hematology
Anand Prakash Introduction Anemia Hemoglobinopathies Pancytopenias Hemorrhagic disorders Coagulation disorders Platelet disorders
21. Malignancies Specific to Children
Anand Prakash Introduction Acute leukemia Lymphomas Pediatric solid tumours Oncological emergencies
22. Diseases of the Kidney and Urinary Tract
Arpana Iyengar, Anil Vasudevan Introduction Edema Oliguria and polyuria Hematuria Proteinuria Investigations Specific renal disorders Hypertension in children Urinary tract infection Renal tubular acidosis Non-nutritional rickets (Refractory rickets) Acute kidney injury Chronic kidney disease Appendix: Blood pressure levels for boys and girls by age and height percentile
23. Diseases of the Endocrine System
P Raghupathy Thyroid disorders Adrenal insufficiency Hypercortisolism (Cushing syndrome) Growth hormone deficiency Disorders of sex development (DSD) Disorders of pubertal development Type I diabetes mellitus
24. Diseases of the Central Nervous System
S Srinivasan Neurological examination of children Congenital malformations of the central nervous system Approach to a child with altered sensorium and coma Seizures and epileptic disorders in children Acute pyogenic meningitis Tuberculous meningitis Other forms of CNS tuberculosis Acute viral encephalitis (AVE) Herpes simplex encephalitis Japanese encephalitis Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) Postinfectious encephalomyelitis Stroke in children Hemiplegia Chorea Neurodegenerative disorders of childhood Ataxia in children Intracranial space-occupying lesions (ICSOLS) Headache Benign intracranial hypertension (Pseudotumour cerebri)
25. Neuromuscular Disorders
Swarna Rekha Bhat, S Srinivasan Introduction Floppy infant syndrome Classification of muscle diseases Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) Myasthenia gravis Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) Peripheral neuropathy in children Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS)
26. Adolescent Medicine
Chitra Dinakar Introduction Adolescent-friendly health services (AFHS) Approach to an adolescent client/patient Problems Specific to Adolescents
27. Community Pediatrics
Dominic Misquith Introduction Reproductive child health (RCH) programmes RMNCH+A Integrated management of childhood illness Integrated management of neonatal and childhood Illness The IMNCI plus approach Health programmes for adolescents National health mission (NHM) India newborn action plan (INAP) The millennium development goals (MDG) Sustainable development goals (SDG) Appendix: Integrated management of neonatal and childhood illness (IMNCI): Physician chart booklet
28. Diseases of the Skin
Frederick Manuel, S Anandan, Swarna Rekha Bhat Introduction Common neonatal skin disorders Infestations of the skin Bacterial infections of the skin (Pyoderma) Viral infections of the skin Fungal infections of the skin Other conditions of the skin Drug reactions
29. Diseases of the Eye and Adnexa
Chinmayee J Thrishulamurthy Introduction Amblyopia/lazy eye Visually inattentive infant Common ocular conditions Ocular manifestations of systemic disorders Blindness and rehabilitation
30. Disorders of the Ear, Nose and Throat
A Ramesh Introduction Diseases of the ear Diseases of the nose and paranasal sinuses Diseases of the oral cavity, pharynx, tonsils and larynx Hearing Impairment
31. Surgical Problems Specific to Children
Kanishka Das, A M Shubha Introduction Common malformations of the face Common orthopedic malformations Respiratory conditions Gastrointestinal conditions Gall bladder and biliary tract conditions Urological conditions Common genital conditions Other common conditions
32. Environment and Child Health
H Paramesh, Elizabeth Cherian Introduction Air pollution Water pollution Noise pollution Radiation hazards
33. Pediatric Procedures
Naina Bhat Introduction Standard precautions and asepsis Specific procedures
34. Ethics and Medicolegal Issues in Pediatric Practice
Swarna Rekha Bhat Informed consent Communication and counselling skills Documentation Medicolegal issues in pediatric practice Ethics in pediatric practice Bibliography Index